Major milestones in vaccine developments and licensing in India

Table III. Major milestones in vaccine developments and licensing in India year 1893                   Efficacy trials on cholera vaccine conducted in Agra, India 1897                   First plague vaccine discovered by Dr Haffkine 1904/1905        First vaccine research institute established at Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh 1907                 Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor, manufactured neural tissue anti-rabies vaccine 1920-1939          DPT, DT and TT vaccine became available in the country 1940                  Drug and Cosmetics Act enacted 1948                   BCG vaccine laboratory set up in Guindy, near Madras (Chennai) 1951                  Liquid BCG vaccine became available in India as part of mass campaigns 1965                  Live attenuated freeze dried smallpox vaccine became available 1967                   Freeze dried BCG vaccine became available OPV became available in India 1970                  The first time in India indigenous Oral Polio Vaccine Trivalent (Sabin) was developed and produced 1980s                Indigenous measles vaccine production started 1984                  Inactivated polio vaccine first produced in India (later on production stopped) 1985/1988        AEFI surveillance system established and initial guidelines were released 1989                 Indian Vaccine Company Limited (IVCOL) and Bharat Immunological and Biological Limited (BIBCOL)  were set up as public private joint venture companies 1997                   First ever recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine developed in India 2006                    Guidelines for clinical trials by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) 2009                         Three Indian manufacturers developed pandemic flu (Novel H1N1: 2009) vaccine 2010                         National Pharmacovigilance Programme of India launched Meningitis A vaccine for African Meningitis Belt licensed and successfully used in campaigns in Africa Indigenously researched bivalent oral cholera vaccine developed and licensed in the country 2012                   An indigenous ‘inactivated JE vaccine’ licensed in the country. Indian manufacturer acquired capacity to produce inactivated polio vaccine DPT, Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus; DT, diphtheria and tetanus; TT, tetanus toxid; OPV, oral polio vaccine